30个类手写Spring核心原理之自定义ORM(上)(6)
本文节选自《Spring 5核心原理》
1 实现思路概述
1.1 从ResultSet说起
说到ResultSet,有Java开发经验的“小伙伴”自然最熟悉不过了,不过我相信对于大多数人来说也算是“最熟悉的陌生人”。从ResultSet取值操作大家都会,比如:
private static List<Member> select(String sql) {
List<Member> result = new ArrayList<>();
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pstm = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 加载驱动类
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 建立连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/gp-vip-spring-db-demo", "root","123456");
//3. 创建语句集
pstm = con.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 执行语句集
rs = pstm.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()){
Member instance = new Member();
instance.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
instance.setName(rs.getString("name"));
instance.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
instance.setAddr(rs.getString("addr"));
result.add(instance);
}
//5. 获取结果集
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//6. 关闭结果集、关闭语句集、关闭连接
finally {
try {
rs.close();
pstm.close();
con.close();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
以上我们在没有使用框架以前的常规操作。随着业务和开发量的增加,在数据持久层这样的重复代码出现频次非常高。因此,我们就想到将非功能性代码和业务代码进行分离。我们首先想到将ResultSet封装数据的代码逻辑分离,增加一个mapperRow()方法,专门处理对结果的封装,代码如下:
private static List<Member> select(String sql) {
List<Member> result = new ArrayList<>();
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pstm = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 加载驱动类
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 建立连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/gp-vip-spring-db-demo", "root","123456");
//3. 创建语句集
pstm = con.prepareStatement(sql);
//4. 执行语句集
rs = pstm.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()){
Member instance = mapperRow(rs,rs.getRow());
result.add(instance);
}
//5. 获取结果集
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//6. 关闭结果集、关闭语句集、关闭连接
finally {
try {
rs.close();
pstm.close();
con.close();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
private static Member mapperRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws Exception {
Member instance = new Member();
instance.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
instance.setName(rs.getString("name"));
instance.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
instance.setAddr(rs.getString("addr"));
return instance;
}
但在真实的业务场景中,这样的代码逻辑重复率实在太高,上面的改造只能应用Member类,换一个实体类又要重新封装,聪明的程序员肯定不会通过纯体力劳动给每一个实体类写一个mapperRow()方法,一定会想到代码复用方案。我们不妨来做这样一个改造。
先创建Member类:
package com.gupaoedu.vip.orm.demo.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_member")
@Data
public class Member implements Serializable {
@Id private Long id;
private String name;
private String addr;
private Integer age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Member{" +
"id=" + id +
", name="" + name + """ +
", addr="" + addr + """ +
", age=" + age +
"}";
}
}
优化JDBC操作:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Member condition = new Member();
condition.setName("Tom");
condition.setAge(19);
List<?> result = select(condition);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result.toArray()));
}
private static List<?> select(Object condition) {
List<Object> result = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?> entityClass = condition.getClass();
Connection con = null;
PreparedStatement pstm = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 加载驱动类
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 建立连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/gp-vip-spring-db-demo? characterEncoding=UTF-8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true","root","123456");
//根据类名找属性名
Map<String,String> columnMapper = new HashMap<String,String>();
//根据属性名找字段名
Map<String,String> fieldMapper = new HashMap<String,String>();
Field[] fields = entityClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
String fieldName = field.getName();
if(field.isAnnotationPresent(Column.class)){
Column column = field.getAnnotation(Column.class);
String columnName = column.name();
columnMapper.put(columnName,fieldName);
fieldMapper.put(fieldName,columnName);
}else {
//默认就是字段名、属性名一致
columnMapper.put(fieldName, fieldName);
fieldMapper.put(fieldName,fieldName);
}
}
//3. 创建语句集
Table table = entityClass.getAnnotation(Table.class);
String sql = "select * from " + table.name();
StringBuffer where = new StringBuffer(" where 1=1 ");
for (Field field : fields) {
Object value =field.get(condition);
if(null != value){
if(String.class == field.getType()) {
where.append(" and " + fieldMapper.get(field.getName()) + " = "" + value + """);
}else{
where.append(" and " + fieldMapper.get(field.getName()) + " = " + value + "");
}
//其他的在这里就不一一列举,后面我们手写ORM框架时会完善
}
}
System.out.println(sql + where.toString());
pstm = con.prepareStatement(sql + where.toString());
//4. 执行语句集
rs = pstm.executeQuery();
//元数据?
//保存了处理真正数值以外的所有附加信息
int columnCounts = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
while (rs.next()){
Object instance = entityClass.newInstance();
for (int i = 1; i <= columnCounts; i++) {
//实体类属性名,对应数据库表的字段名
//可以通过反射机制拿到实体类的所有字段
//从rs中取得当前这个游标下的类名
String columnName = rs.getMetaData().getColumnName(i);
//有可能是私有的
Field field = entityClass.getDeclaredField(columnMapper.get(columnName));
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(instance,rs.getObject(columnName));
}
result.add(instance);
}
//5. 获取结果集
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//6. 关闭结果集、关闭语句集、关闭连接
finally {
try {
rs.close();
pstm.close();
con.close();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
上面巧妙地利用反射机制读取Class信息和Annotation信息,将数据库表中的列和类中的字段进行关联映射并赋值,以减少重复代码。
1.2 为什么需要ORM框架
通过前面的讲解,我们已经了解ORM框架的基本实现原理。ORM是指对象关系映射(Object Relation Mapping),映射的不只是对象值,还有对象与对象之间的关系,例如一对多、多对多、一对一这样的表关系。现在市面上ORM框架也非常多,有大家所熟知的Hibernate、Spring JDBC、MyBatis、JPA等。在这里做一个简单的总结,如下表所示。
名称 | 特征 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
Hibernate | 全自动(挡) | 不需要写一句SQL |
MyBatis | 半自动(挡) | 手自一体,支持简单的映射,复杂关系需要自己写SQL |
Spring JDBC | 纯手动(挡) | 所有的SQL都要自己写,它帮我们设计了一套标准流程 |
既然市面上有这么多选择,我为什么还要自己写 ORM框架呢?
这得从我的一次空降担任架构师的经验说起。空降面临最大的难题就是如何取得团队“小伙伴们”的信任。当时,团队总共就8人,每个人的水平参差不齐,甚至有些人还没接触过MySQL,诸如Redis等缓存中间件更不用说了。基本只会使用Hibernate的CRUD,而且已经影响到了系统性能。由于工期紧张,没有时间和精力给团队做系统培训,也为了兼顾可控性,于是就产生了自研ORM框架的想法。我做了这样的顶层设计,以降低团队“小伙伴们”的存息成本,顶层接口统一参数、统一返回值,具体如下。
**(1)规定查询方法的接口模型为: **
/**
* 获取列表
* @param queryRule 查询条件
* @return
*/
List<T> select(QueryRule queryRule) throws Exception;
/**
* 获取分页结果
* @param queryRule 查询条件
* @param pageNo 页码
* @param pageSize 每页条数
* @return
*/
Page<?> select(QueryRule queryRule,int pageNo,int pageSize) throws Exception;
/**
* 根据SQL获取列表
* @param sql SQL语句
* @param args 参数
* @return
*/
List<Map<String,Object>> selectBySql(String sql, Object... args) throws Exception;
/**
* 根据SQL获取分页
* @param sql SQL语句
* @param pageNo 页码
* @param pageSize 每页条数
* @return
*/
Page<Map<String,Object>> selectBySqlToPage(String sql, Object [] param, int pageNo, int pageSize) throws Exception;
(2)规定删除方法的接口模型为:
/**
* 删除一条记录
* @param entity entity中的ID不能为空,如果ID为空,其他条件不能为空,都为空不予执行
* @return
*/
boolean delete(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 批量删除
* @param list
* @return 返回受影响的行数
* @throws Exception
*/
int deleteAll(List<T> list) throws Exception;
(3)规定插入方法的接口模型为:
/**
* 插入一条记录并返回插入后的ID
* @param entity 只要entity不等于null,就执行插入
* @return
*/
PK insertAndReturnId(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 插入一条记录自增ID
* @param entity
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
boolean insert(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 批量插入
* @param list
* @return 返回受影响的行数
* @throws Exception
*/
int insertAll(List<T> list) throws Exception;
(4)规定修改方法的接口模型为:
/**
* 修改一条记录
* @param entity entity中的ID不能为空,如果ID为空,其他条件不能为空,都为空不予执行
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
boolean update(T entity) throws Exception;
利用这套基础的API,后面我又基于Redis、MongoDB、ElasticSearch、Hive、HBase各封装了一套,以此来降低团队的学习成本,也大大提升了程序的可控性,更方便统一监控。
2 搭建基础架构
2.1 Page
定义Page类的主要目的是为后面的分页查询统一返回结果做顶层支持,其主要功能包括分页逻辑的封装、分页数据。
package javax.core.common;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 分页对象,包含当前页数据及分页信息,如总记录数
* 能够支持和JQuery EasyUI直接对接,能够支持和BootStrap Table直接对接
*/
public class Page<T> implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final int DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE = 20;
private int pageSize = DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE; //每页的记录数
private long start; //当前页第一条数据在List中的位置,从0开始
private List<T> rows; //当前页中存放的记录,类型一般为List
private long total; //总记录数
/**
* 构造方法,只构造空页
*/
public Page() {
this(0, 0, DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE, new ArrayList<T>());
}
/**
* 默认构造方法
*
* @param start 本页数据在数据库中的起始位置
* @param totalSize 数据库中总记录条数
* @param pageSize 本页容量
* @param rows 本页包含的数据
*/
public Page(long start, long totalSize, int pageSize, List<T> rows) {
this.pageSize = pageSize;
this.start = start;
this.total = totalSize;
this.rows = rows;
}
/**
* 取总记录数
*/
public long getTotal() {
return this.total;
}
public void setTotal(long total) {
this.total = total;
}
/**
* 取总页数
*/
public long getTotalPageCount() {
if (total % pageSize == 0){
return total / pageSize;
}else{
return total / pageSize + 1;
}
}
/**
* 取每页数据容量
*/
public int getPageSize() {
return pageSize;
}
/**
* 取当前页中的记录
*/
public List<T> getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(List<T> rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
/**
* 取该页的当前页码,页码从1开始
*/
public long getPageNo() {
return start / pageSize + 1;
}
/**
* 该页是否有下一页
*/
public boolean hasNextPage() {
return this.getPageNo() < this.getTotalPageCount() - 1;
}
/**
* 该页是否有上一页
*/
public boolean hasPreviousPage() {
return this.getPageNo() > 1;
}
/**
* 获取任意一页第一条数据在数据集中的位置,每页条数使用默认值
*
* @see #getStartOfPage(int,int)
*/
protected static int getStartOfPage(int pageNo) {
return getStartOfPage(pageNo, DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
}
/**
* 获取任意一页第一条数据在数据集中的位置
*
* @param pageNo 从1开始的页号
* @param pageSize 每页记录条数
* @return 该页第一条数据
*/
public static int getStartOfPage(int pageNo, int pageSize) {
return (pageNo - 1) * pageSize;
}
}
2.2 ResultMsg
ResultMsg类主要是为统一返回结果做的顶层设计,主要包括状态码、结果说明内容和返回数据。
package javax.core.common;
import java.io.Serializable;
//底层设计
public class ResultMsg<T> implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2635002588308355785L;
private int status; //状态码,系统的返回码
private String msg; //状态码的解释
private T data; //放任意结果
public ResultMsg() {}
public ResultMsg(int status) {
this.status = status;
}
public ResultMsg(int status, String msg) {
this.status = status;
this.msg = msg;
}
public ResultMsg(int status, T data) {
this.status = status;
this.data = data;
}
public ResultMsg(int status, String msg, T data) {
this.status = status;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
public int getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(int status) {
this.status = status;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
2.3 BaseDao
作为所有BaseDao持久化框架的顶层接口,主要定义增、删、改、查统一的参数列表和返回值。
package javax.core.common.jdbc;
import com.gupaoedu.vip.orm.framework.QueryRule;
import javax.core.common.Page;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface BaseDao<T,PK> {
/**
* 获取列表
* @param queryRule 查询条件
* @return
*/
List<T> select(QueryRule queryRule) throws Exception;
/**
* 获取分页结果
* @param queryRule 查询条件
* @param pageNo 页码
* @param pageSize 每页条数
* @return
*/
Page<?> select(QueryRule queryRule,int pageNo,int pageSize) throws Exception;
/**
* 根据SQL获取列表
* @param sql SQL语句
* @param args 参数
* @return
*/
List<Map<String,Object>> selectBySql(String sql, Object... args) throws Exception;
/**
* 根据SQL获取分页
* @param sql SQL语句
* @param pageNo 页码
* @param pageSize 每页条数
* @return
*/
Page<Map<String,Object>> selectBySqlToPage(String sql, Object [] param, int pageNo, int pageSize) throws Exception;
/**
* 删除一条记录
* @param entity entity中的ID不能为空,如果ID为空,其他条件不能为空,都为空则不予执行
* @return
*/
boolean delete(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 批量删除
* @param list
* @return 返回受影响的行数
* @throws Exception
*/
int deleteAll(List<T> list) throws Exception;
/**
* 插入一条记录并返回插入后的ID
* @param entity 只要entity不等于null,就执行插入操作
* @return
*/
PK insertAndReturnId(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 插入一条记录自增ID
* @param entity
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
boolean insert(T entity) throws Exception;
/**
* 批量插入
* @param list
* @return 返回受影响的行数
* @throws Exception
*/
int insertAll(List<T> list) throws Exception;
/**
* 修改一条记录
* @param entity entity中的ID不能为空,如果ID为空,其他条件不能为空,都为空则不予执行
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
boolean update(T entity) throws Exception;
}
2.4 QueryRule
如果用QueryRule类来构建查询条件,用户在做条件查询时不需要手写SQL,实现业务代码与SQL解耦。
package com.gupaoedu.vip.orm.framework;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* QueryRule,主要功能用于构造查询条件
*/
public final class QueryRule implements Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public static final int ASC_ORDER = 101;
public static final int DESC_ORDER = 102;
public static final int LIKE = 1;
public static final int IN = 2;
public static final int NOTIN = 3;
public static final int BETWEEN = 4;
public static final int EQ = 5;
public static final int NOTEQ = 6;
public static final int GT = 7;
public static final int GE = 8;
public static final int LT = 9;
public static final int LE = 10;
public static final int ISNULL = 11;
public static final int ISNOTNULL = 12;
public static final int ISEMPTY = 13;
public static final int ISNOTEMPTY = 14;
public static final int AND = 201;
public static final int OR = 202;
private List<Rule> ruleList = new ArrayList<Rule>();
private List<QueryRule> queryRuleList = new ArrayList<QueryRule>();
private String propertyName;
private QueryRule() {}
private QueryRule(String propertyName) {
this.propertyName = propertyName;
}
public static QueryRule getInstance() {
return new QueryRule();
}
/**
* 添加升序规则
* @param propertyName
* @return
*/
public QueryRule addAscOrder(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ASC_ORDER, propertyName));
return this;
}
/**
* 添加降序规则
* @param propertyName
* @return
*/
public QueryRule addDescOrder(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(DESC_ORDER, propertyName));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIsNull(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNULL, propertyName).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIsNotNull(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNOTNULL, propertyName).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIsEmpty(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISEMPTY, propertyName).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIsNotEmpty(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNOTEMPTY, propertyName).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andLike(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LIKE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(EQ, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andBetween(String propertyName, Object... values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(BETWEEN, propertyName, values).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIn(String propertyName, List<Object> values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(IN, propertyName, new Object[] { values }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andIn(String propertyName, Object... values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(IN, propertyName, values).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andNotIn(String propertyName, List<Object> values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(NOTIN, propertyName, new Object[] { values }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orNotIn(String propertyName, Object... values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(NOTIN, propertyName, values).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andNotEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(NOTEQ, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andGreaterThan(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(GT, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andGreaterEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(GE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andLessThan(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LT, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule andLessEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(AND));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIsNull(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNULL, propertyName).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIsNotNull(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNOTNULL, propertyName).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIsEmpty(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISEMPTY, propertyName).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIsNotEmpty(String propertyName) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(ISNOTEMPTY, propertyName).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orLike(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LIKE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(EQ, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orBetween(String propertyName, Object... values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(BETWEEN, propertyName, values).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIn(String propertyName, List<Object> values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(IN, propertyName, new Object[] { values }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orIn(String propertyName, Object... values) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(IN, propertyName, values).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orNotEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(NOTEQ, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orGreaterThan(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(GT, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orGreaterEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(GE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orLessThan(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LT, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public QueryRule orLessEqual(String propertyName, Object value) {
this.ruleList.add(new Rule(LE, propertyName, new Object[] { value }).setAndOr(OR));
return this;
}
public List<Rule> getRuleList() {
return this.ruleList;
}
public List<QueryRule> getQueryRuleList() {
return this.queryRuleList;
}
public String getPropertyName() {
return this.propertyName;
}
protected class Rule implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private int type; //规则的类型
private String property_name;
private Object[] values;
private int andOr = AND;
public Rule(int paramInt, String paramString) {
this.property_name = paramString;
this.type = paramInt;
}
public Rule(int paramInt, String paramString,
Object[] paramArrayOfObject) {
this.property_name = paramString;
this.values = paramArrayOfObject;
this.type = paramInt;
}
public Rule setAndOr(int andOr){
this.andOr = andOr;
return this;
}
public int getAndOr(){
return this.andOr;
}
public Object[] getValues() {
return this.values;
}
public int getType() {
return this.type;
}
public String getPropertyName() {
return this.property_name;
}
}
}
2.5 Order
Order类主要用于封装排序规则,代码如下:
package com.gupaoedu.vip.orm.framework;
/**
* SQL排序组件
*/
public class Order {
private boolean ascending; //升序还是降序
private String propertyName; //哪个字段升序,哪个字段降序
public String toString() {
return propertyName + " " + (ascending ? "asc" : "desc");
}
/**
* Constructor for Order.
*/
protected Order(String propertyName, boolean ascending) {
this.propertyName = propertyName;
this.ascending = ascending;
}
/**
* Ascending order
*
* @param propertyName
* @return Order
*/
public static Order asc(String propertyName) {
return new Order(propertyName, true);
}
/**
* Descending order
*
* @param propertyName
* @return Order
*/
public static Order desc(String propertyName) {
return new Order(propertyName, false);
}
}
因篇幅原因,具体的操作类下一篇继续。
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