如何在Java中生成特定范围内的随机整数?
如何生成int
特定范围内的随机值?
我已经尝试了以下方法,但是这些方法不起作用:
尝试1:
randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
错误:randomNum
可以大于maximum
。
尝试2:
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum = minimum + i;
错误:randomNum
可以小于minimum
。
解决方案:
在Java 1.7或更高版本中,执行此操作的标准方法如下:
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
// so add 1 to make it inclusive
int randomNum = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min, max + 1);
请参阅相关的JavaDoc。这种方法的优点是不需要显式初始化java.util.Random实例,如果使用不当,可能会引起混乱和错误。
但是,相反,没有办法明确设置种子,因此在测试或保存游戏状态或类似情况有用的情况下,很难重现结果。在这种情况下,可以使用下面显示的Java 1.7之前的技术。
在Java 1.7之前,执行此操作的标准方法如下:
import java.util.Random;
/**
* Returns a pseudo-random number between min and max, inclusive.
* The difference between min and max can be at most
* <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1</code>.
*
* @param min Minimum value
* @param max Maximum value. Must be greater than min.
* @return Integer between min and max, inclusive.
* @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int)
*/
public static int randInt(int min, int max) {
// NOTE: This will (intentionally) not run as written so that folks
// copy-pasting have to think about how to initialize their
// Random instance. Initialization of the Random instance is outside
// the main scope of the question, but some decent options are to have
// a field that is initialized once and then re-used as needed or to
// use ThreadLocalRandom (if using at least Java 1.7).
//
// In particular, do NOT do "Random rand = new Random()" here or you
// will get not very good / not very random results.
Random rand;
// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
// so add 1 to make it inclusive
int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;
return randomNum;
}
请参阅相关的JavaDoc。实际上,java.util.Random类通常比java.lang.Math.random()更可取。
特别是,当标准库中有简单的API完成任务时,就无需重新发明随机整数生成轮
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