如何制作系统文件？linux制作根文件系统的必要步骤

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Linux内核源码/内存调优/文件系统/进程管理/设备驱动/网络协议栈-学习视频教程-腾讯课堂

4、配置busybox

输入make menuconfig进行配置

(1)、Busybox Settings—> General Configuration—>

[*] Show verbose applet usage messages[*] Store applet usage messages in compressed form[*] Support –install [-s] to install applet links at runtime[*] Enable locale support(system needs locale for this to work)[*] Support for –long-options[*] Use the devpts filesystem for unix98 PTYs[*] Support writing pidfiles[*] Runtime SUID/SGID configuration via /etc/busybox.config[*]  Suppress warning message if /etc/busybox.conf is not readableBuild Options--->     [*] Build BusyBox as a static binary(no shared libs)[*] Build with Large File Support(for accessing files>2GB)Installation Options->[]Don’t use /usrApplets links (as soft-links) --->(./_install) BusyBox installation prefixBusybox Library Tuning --->(6)Minimum password legth(2)MD5:Trade Bytes for Speed[*]Fsater /proc scanning code(+100bytes)[*]Command line editing(1024)Maximum length of input[*] vi-style line editing commands(15) History size[*] History saving[*] Tab completion[*]Fancy shell prompts(4) Copy buffer size ,in kilobytes[*]Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages[*]Support infiniband HW

(2)、Linux Module Utilities—> (/lib/modules)Default directory containing modules (modules.dep)Default name of modules.dep

[*] insmod[*] rmmod[*] lsmod[*] modprobe-----options common to multiple modutils[ ] support version 2.2/2.4 Linux kernels[*]Support tainted module checking with new kernels[*]Support for module .aliases file[*] support for modules.symbols file

(3)、在busybox中配置对dev下设备类型的支持

dev的创建有三种方法：
手动创建：在制作根文件系统的时候，就在dev目录下创建好要使用的设备文件，系统挂接根文件系统后，就可以使用dev目录下的设备文件了。
使用devfs文件系统：这种方法已经过时，具有不确定的设备映射、没有足够的主/次设备号、devfs消耗大量的内存。
udev：它是个用户程序，能根据系统中硬件设备的状态动态的更新设备文件，包括设备文件的创建、删除等。它的操作相对复杂，但灵活性很高
mdev 是busybox自带的一个简化版的udev，适合于嵌入式的应用埸合。其具有使用简单的特点。它的作用，就是在系统启动和热插拔或动态加载驱动程序时， 自动产生驱动程序所需的节点文件。在以busybox为基础构建嵌入式linux的根文件系统时，使用它是最优的选择。下面的选项将增加对mdev的支持。

Linux System Utilities  --->                   [*]Support /etc/mdev.conf             [*]Support command execution at device addition/removal

5、编译busybox

编译busybox到指定目录： cd /opt/studyarm/busybox-1.13.3 make CONFIG_PREFIX=/opt/studyarm/rootfs install 在rootfs目录下会生成目录bin、sbin、usr和文件linuxrc的内容。

建立etc目录下的配置文件

etc/mdev.conf文件，内容为空。
拷贝主机etc目录下的passwd、group、shadow文件到rootfs/etc目录下。
etc/sysconfig目录下新建文件HOSTNAME，内容为”MrFeng”。
etc/inittab文件：

#etc/inittab::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS::askfirst:-/bin/sh::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot::shutdown:/bin/umount -a –r

6、etc/init.d/rcS文件：

#!/bin/shPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binrunlevel=Sprevlevel=Numask 022export PATH runlevel prevlevelecho "----------munt all----------------"mount -aecho /sbin/mdev>/proc/sys/kernel/hotplugmdev -secho "***********************************************"echo "****************Studying ARM*********************"echo "Kernel version:linux-2.6.29.1"echo "Student:Feng dong rui"echo "Date:2009.07.15"echo "***********************************************"/bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME

使用以下命令改变rcS的执行权限：

Chmod +x rcS

7、etc/fstab文件：

#device    mount-point     type     option     dump   fsck   orderproc          /proc        proc     defaults    0        0none          /tmp        ramfs    defaults    0        0sysfs         /sys          sysfs    defaults    0        0mdev          /dev        ramfs    defaults    0        0

8、etc/profile文件：

#Ash profile#vim:syntax=sh#No core file by defaults#ulimit -S -c 0>/dev/null 2>&1USER="id -un"LOGNAME=$USERPS1='[u@h=W]#'PATH=$PATHHOSTNAME='/bin/hostname'export USER LOGNAME PS1 PATH

制作根文件系统映像文件
使用以下命令安装好yaffs文件系统制作工具：

cd /mnt/hgfs/sharetar –zxvf mkyaffs2image.tgz –C /

在/opt/studyarm目录下，使用命令mkyaffs2image rootfs rootfs.img生成根文件系统映像文件。

二、启动系统

将前面两章生成的内核映像文件和根文件系统映像文件下载到mini2440开发板，查看启动信息。我成功移植启动信息如下：

VIVI version 0.1.4 (root@capcross) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)) #0.1.4 Mon Oct 27 10:18:15 CST 2008MMU table base address = 0x33DFC000Succeed memory mapping.DIVN_UPLL0MPLLVal [M:7fh,P:2h,S:1h]CLKDIVN:5h+---------------------------------------------+| S3C2440A USB Downloader ver R0.03 2004 Jan  |+---------------------------------------------+USB: IN_ENDPOINT:1 OUT_ENDPOINT:3FORMAT: <ADDR(DATA):4>+<SIZE(n+10):4>+<DATA:n>+<CS:2>NOTE: Power off/on or press the reset button for 1 sec      in order to get a valid USB device address.NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung K9D1208V0M)Found saved vivi parameters.Press Return to start the LINUX/Wince now, any other key for viviCopy linux kernel from 0x00050000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00200000 ... donezImage magic = 0x016f2818Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0"MACH_TYPE = 362NOW, Booting Linux......Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.Linux version 2.6.29.1 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #8 Sat Jul 18 10:37:22 CST 2009CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cacheMachine: Study-S3C2440ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHzCLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onBuilt 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0irq: clearing pending status 02000000irq: clearing subpending status 00000002PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)Console: colour dummy device 80x30console [ttySAC0] enabledDentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)Memory: 64MB = 64MB totalMemory: 60876KB available (3536K code, 293K data, 136K init)Calibrating delay loop... 201.93 BogoMIPS (lpj=504832)Mount-cache hash table entries: 512CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: oknet_namespace: 296 bytesNET: Registered protocol family 16S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsS3C2440: Initialising architectureS3C2440: IRQ SupportS3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec ElectronicsDMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS offbio: create slab <bio-0> at 0SCSI subsystem initializedusbcore: registered new interface driver usbfsusbcore: registered new interface driver hubusbcore: registered new device driver usbNET: Registered protocol family 2IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)TCP reno registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1NTFS driver 2.1.29 [Flags: R/O].yaffs Jul 18 2009 10:31:41 Installing. msgmni has been set to 119io scheduler noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registered (default)io scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler cfq registeredConsole: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer devicelp: driver loaded but no devices foundppdev: user-space parallel port driverSerial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enableds3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440brd: module loadedloop: module loadeddm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driveride-gd driver 1.18ide-cd driver 5.00Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methodsS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 9ns Twrph0=4 39ns, Twrph1=1 9nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)Scanning device for bad blocksCreating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":0x000000000000-0x000000030000 : "boot"0x000000050000-0x000000250000 : "kernel"0x000000250000-0x000003ffc000 : "kernel"usbmon: debugfs is not availableohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Drivers3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCIs3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCIusb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.29.1 ohci_hcdusb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xxusb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choicehub 1-0:1.0: USB hub foundhub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detectedusbcore: registered new interface driver libusualusbcore: registered new interface driver usbserialUSB Serial support registered for genericusbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_genericusbserial: USB Serial Driver coreUSB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Deviceusbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sioftdi_sio: v1.4.3:USB FTDI Serial Converters DriverUSB Serial support registered for pl2303usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor drivers3c2410_udc: debugfs dir creation failed -19mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all micei2c /dev entries drivers3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHzs3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapterS3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabledTCP cubic registeredRPC: Registered udp transport module.RPC: Registered tcp transport module.yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"yaffs: passed flags ""yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.Freeing init memory: 136K----------munt all----------------***********************************************Kernel version:linux-2.6.29.1USER:BaozhongchaoDate:2009.07.15***********************************************Please press Enter to activate this console. [@MrFeng=W]#lsbin         etc         linuxrc     proc        sys         varboot        home        lost+found  root        tmp         wwwdev         lib         mnt         sbin        usr[@MrFeng=W]#

基于S3C2440的Linux内核移植和yaffs2文件系统制作.pdfourdev_464685.rar(文件大小:64K) (原文件名:基于S3C2440的Linux内核移植和yaffs2文件系统制作.rar)

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