hmoban Request爬取各类网站的数据（实例爬取）
![Request爬取各类网站的数据（实例爬取）[Python常见问题]](https://www.zixueka.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/1696832001-976603638745527.jpg)
1. 先上代码
1 # !/usr/bin/env python
2 # ! _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
3 # @TIME : 2020/10/12 13:29
4 # @Author : Noob
5 # @File : bases.py
6
7 import requests
8 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
9 import re
10 import xlwt
11 import xlrd
12
13 class Bases:
14
15 fo = open("data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
16 lines = fo.readlines()
17
18 # 说明书读取
19 def readExplain(self):
20
21 x = input("是否读取说明（y or n）：")
22 if x == "y":
23 ro = open("explain.txt", "r+", encoding="utf-8")
24 strs = ro.read()
25 print(strs)
26 ro.close()
27 else:
28 pass
29
30 # 动态url
31 def getUrl(self, keywords, starts):
32
33 lines = self.lines
34 baseurl = lines[15].strip()
35 key = lines[17].strip()
36 fw = lines[23].strip()
37 bw = lines[25].strip()
38
39 if "." in fw or bw:
40 fwf = fw.replace(".", ".")
41 bwf = bw.replace(".", ".")
42 else:
43 fwf = fw
44 bwf = bw
45 if fw != "":
46 url = re.sub(fwf + "(.+?)" + bwf, fw + str(starts) + bw, baseurl)
47 url = url.replace(key, keywords)
48 else:
49 url = baseurl.replace(key, keywords)
50 if "$" in url:
51 url = url[0: -1]
52 print("当前url是：%s" % url)
53 return url
54
55 # 请求头
56 def getHeader(self):
57
58 lines = self.lines
59 header = {
60 "accept": lines[5].strip(),
61 "accept-encoding": lines[7].strip(),
62 "accept-language": lines[9].strip(),
63 "cache-control": lines[11].strip(),
64 "Connection": lines[13].strip(),
65 "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": lines[3].strip(),
66 "User-Agent": lines[1].strip()
67 }
68 return header
69
70 # 封装请求
71 def getContent(self, key="学霸", start=0):
72
73 url = self.getUrl(key, start)
74 try:
75 assert ("http" in url)
76 except:
77 return "url有问题，请重来！！！"
78 else:
79 res = requests.get(url, headers=self.getHeader())
80 if res.status_code == 200:
81 return res
82 else:
83 return "请求失败，状态码为：%d" % res.status_code, "error"
84 finally:
85 # print("这是一个检查url是否正确的块")
86 pass
87
88 # 获取完整文本
89 def getContents(self, key):
90
91 lines = self.lines
92 try:
93 offset = int(lines[19])
94 j = int(lines[21].strip())
95 except ValueError as msg:
96 print("输入数据有错，请返回检查！！！", msg)
97 else:
98 words = lines[27].strip()
99 resText = ""
100 while 1:
101 res = self.getContent(key, j)
102
103 res.encoding = "utf-8" # 中文乱码的时候
104
105 if type(res) == str:
106 print(res)
107 break
108 if type(res) == tuple:
109 print(res)
110 break
111 if res.status_code == 400:
112 break
113 if len(res.text) < 100:
114 break
115 if words not in res.text:
116 break
117 if str(j) not in res.url: # 当没有页码或者滑动加载的时候,并不准确
118 resText = resText + res.text
119 break
120 resText = resText + res.text
121 j = j + offset
122 resText = resText.replace("<!DOCTYPE html>", "")
123 resText = BeautifulSoup(resText, features="html.parser")
124 eo = open("export.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8")
125 eo.write(str(resText))
126 eo.close()
127 return resText
128
129 # 数据过滤
130 def getFilter(self, key):
131
132 lines = self.lines
133 resText = str(self.getContents(key))
134
135 counts = int(lines[29].strip())
136
137 j = 31 # 匹配规则开始下标
138 datas = [] # 所有匹配数据列表名
139
140 for i in range(counts):
141 pattern = lines[j].strip()
142 datas.append(re.compile(pattern).findall(resText))
143 j = j + 2
144
145 # 数据爬取到TXT
146 # ao = open("abc.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8")
147 #
148 # ao.write(ns[0] + " " + ns[1] + " " + ns[2] + " " + ns[3] + "
") # 项目名制成表头
149 #
150 # for i in range(len(datas[0])):
151 # k = ""
152 # for j in range(len(datas)):
153 # k = k + datas[j][i] + " "
154 # ao.write(k + "
")
155 # ao.close()
156 return datas
157
158
159 # 从Excel中读取搜索数据
160 def readExcel(self):
161
162 xd = xlrd.open_workbook("ok.xlsx")
163 sn = xd.sheet_by_index(0)
164 coms = []
165 j = 1
166 while 1:
167 com = sn.cell_value(j, 0)
168 if com == "":
169 break
170 coms.append(com)
171 j = j + 1
172 return coms
173
174 # 数据写到Excel
175 def writeExcel(self):
176
177 data = self.readExcel() # 二维数组
178 datas = [] # 三维数组datas[a][b][c]
179 for i in range(len(data)):
180 data[i] = self.getFilter(data[i])
181 datas.append(data[i])
182
183 print(datas)
184
185 # 创建表
186 xt = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="gbk")
187 sn = xt.add_sheet("what")
188
189 # 制表头
190 lines = self.lines
191 # 找到匹配开始的元素索引和项目名
192 j = 0
193 for i in lines:
194 if "正则匹配规则" in i:
195 n = re.compile(r"#(.+?)#").findall(i.strip())
196 if len(n) > 0:
197 sn.write(0, j, n[0]) # 第几行第几列值是什么
198 j = j + 1
199
200 # 单元格宽度:0的占位符是256，那么20个0就是256*20
201 if "单元格宽度" in i:
202 i = lines[lines.index(i) + 1]
203 i = i.split("*") # 字符串切割成数组
204 for k in range(len(i)):
205 sn.col(k).width = 256*int(i[k])
206
207 # 写入数据
208 count = 1 # 计行
209 for i in datas:
210 for j in range(len(i[0])): # 每个搜索值的数量
211 for k in range(len(i)): # 搜索项数量
212 sn.write(count, k, i[k][j]) # 这里不要写错了
213 count = count + 1
214
215 return xt.save("ok.xls") # 保存格式必须是.xls，否则失败
216
217 # 运行
218 def main(self):
219 print("运行开始abc")
220 self.writeExcel()
221
222 fo.close()
223
224 if __name__ == "__main__":
225 bs = Bases()
226 bs.main()