Python3中urllib详细使用方法(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)

下面的10个点全面的涵盖了Python3中urllib的基本使用方法:

1.最简单

import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen("http://python.org/")
html = response.read()

2、使用 Request

import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request("http://python.org/")
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()

3、发送数据

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = "http://localhost/login.php"
user_agent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)"
values = {
"act" : "login",
"login[email]" : "yzhang@i9i8.com",
"login[password]" : "123456"
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
req.add_header("Referer", "http://www.python.org/")
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4、发送数据和header

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = "http://localhost/login.php"
user_agent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)"
values = {
"act" : "login",
"login[email]" : "yzhang@i9i8.com",
"login[password]" : "123456"
}
headers = { "User-Agent" : user_agent }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5、http 错误

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request("http://www.111cn.net ")
try:
urllib.request.urlopen(req)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
print(e.code)
print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6、异常处理1

#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
req = Request("http://www.111cn.net /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except HTTPError as e:
print("The server couldn"t fulfill the request.")
print("Error code: ", e.code)
except URLError as e:
print("We failed to reach a server.")
print("Reason: ", e.reason)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7、异常处理2

#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import  URLError
req = Request("http://www.111cn.net /")
try:
response = urlopen(req)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, "reason"):
print("We failed to reach a server.")
print("Reason: ", e.reason)
elif hasattr(e, "code"):
print("The server couldn"t fulfill the request.")
print("Error code: ", e.code)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8、HTTP 认证

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "https://www.111cn.net /"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, "rekfan", "xxxxxx")
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
a_url = "https://www.111cn.net /"
x = opener.open(a_url)
print(x.read())
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode("utf8")
print(a)

9、使用代理

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"sock5": "localhost:1080"})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.111cn.net ").read().decode("utf8")
print(a)

10、超时

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import socket
import urllib.request
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 2
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout
# we have set in the socket module
req = urllib.request.Request("http://www.111cn.net /")
a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
print(a)

Python3,urllib,详细使用方法,header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理

来源：PY学习网：原文地址：https://www.py.cn/article.html