Python 面试题:输入一个数组,输出该数组的第二大的数字
问题:
输入一个数组,输出该数组的第二大的数字,并且编写相关的测试用例
注意:
1.如果list含有非int, float元素需要remove
2.如果list有重复的最大元素,需要自己处理,内置的list.sort(reverse=True)
和heapq.nlargest
排序,元素个数不变。
附上代码
removeInvalidItems 去掉不是int或float类型的值。
注意:不能像下边这样用一次循环,因为remove某个元素,下标发生了改变,有些值并不能移除
for item in l: # remove non_value items
if not isinstance(item, (int, float)):
l.remove(item)
下边是可用代码,文件名为 findSecondUtil.py
def removeInvalidItems(l):
tmpl = list()
for item in l:
if not isinstance(item, (int, float)):
tmpl.append(item)
for item in tmpl:
l.remove(item)
return l
findSecondItem.py 实现找到第二大数字的第一种方法。这种方法不用去掉重复元素。
import sys
from hyang.python3.interview.boyan.findSecondUtil import removeInvalidItems
#from findSecondUtil import removeInvalidItems
def findSecond(l):
l = removeInvalidItems(l)
length = len(l)
if length == 0:
print("there is no number item in the list")
return None
elif length == 1:
print("there is only one number item, it"s ", l[0])
return None
elif length > sys.maxsize:
print("out of scope")
return None
largest, second = max(l), min(l)
if largest == second:
return None
for item in l:
if item > second and item < largest:
second = item
return second
findSecondTest.py 测试代码
import unittest
from hyang.python3.interview.boyan.findSecondItem import findSecond
#from findSecondItem import findSecond
class Test_findSecondItem(unittest.TestCase):
# 如果跑所有用例,只运行一次前提条件和结束条件。则用setupclass()和teardownclass()
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
print("在所有的测试用例执行之前,只执行一次============")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
print("在所有的测试用例执行之后,只执行一次============")
# empty list
def test_findSecondItem_01(self):
l1 = list()
assert (findSecond(l1) == None)
# one item in list
def test_findSecondItem_02(self):
l1 = [2]
assert (findSecond(l1) == None)
# No item in list after remove non-number items
def test_findSecondItem_03(self):
l1 = [None, "abc", "xyz"]
assert (findSecond(l1) == None)
# one item in list after remove non-number items
def test_findSecondItem_04(self):
l1 = [None, 3, "abc"]
assert (findSecond(l1) == None)
# duplated largest number
def test_findSecondItem_05(self):
l1 = [32, None, 12, "abc", 8, 6, 36, 3, 32, 4, 36, 9, 25, "35", 36]
assert (findSecond(l1) == 32)
# python3中写不写都会执行的
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
方法二:findSecondNum.py 从列表去掉所有的最大元素,再在列表中找一个最大就是第二大元素。
import sys
from hyang.python3.interview.boyan.findSecondUtil import removeInvalidItems
def findSecond(l):
l = removeInvalidItems(l)
length = len(l)
if length == 0:
print("there is no number item in the list")
return None
elif length == 1:
print("there is only one number item, it"s ", l[0])
return None
elif length > sys.maxsize:
print("out of scope")
return None
largest=max(l)
largest_count=l.count(largest)
while largest_count>0: #remove all the largest item
l.remove(largest)
largest_count-=1
if len(l)==0:
return None
else:
return max(l)
方法三:利用内置的list.sort,但是要去掉重复元素
import sys
from hyang.python3.interview.boyan.findSecondUtil import removeInvalidItems
def findSecond(l):
removeInvalidItems(l)
l2 = list(set(l)) # remove duplicated items
l2.sort(reverse=True)
length=len(l2)
if length>=2:
return l2[1]
else:
return None
方法四:与方法三类似,利用内置的heapq.nlargest,也需要去掉重复元素
import sys, heapq
from hyang.python3.interview.boyan.findSecondUtil import removeInvalidItems
def findSecond(l):
removeInvalidItems(l)
l2 = list(set(l)) # remove duplicated items
length = len(l)
length = len(l2)
if length >= 2:
return heapq.nlargest(2, l2)[1]
else:
return None
最后需要注意执行程序所在路径,见下图,可以结合自己的配置来调整。