Python教程：类的派生

一、派生

派生：子类中新定义的属性的这个过程叫做派生，并且需要记住子类在使用派生的属性时始终以自己的为准

1 派生方法一(类调用)

指名道姓访问某一个类的函数：该方式与继承无关

class OldboyPeople:
    """由于学生和老师都是人，因此人都有姓名、年龄、性别"""
    school = "oldboy"

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender


class OldboyStudent(OldboyPeople):
    """由于学生类没有独自的__init__()方法，因此不需要声明继承父类的__init__()方法，会自动继承"""

    def choose_course(self):
        print("%s is choosing course" % self.name)


class OldboyTeacher(OldboyPeople):
    """由于老师类有独自的__init__()方法，因此需要声明继承父类的__init__()"""

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender, level):
        OldboyPeople.__init__(self, name, age, gender)
        self.level = level  # 派生

    def score(self, stu_obj, num):
        print("%s is scoring" % self.name)
        stu_obj.score = num


stu1 = OldboyStudent("tank", 18, "male")
tea1 = OldboyTeacher("nick", 18, "male", 10)

print(stu1.__dict__)
{"name": "tank", "age": 18, "gender": "male"}


print(tea1.__dict__)
{"name": "nick", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "level": 10}

2 派生方法二(super)

• 严格以来继承属性查找关系
• super()会得到一个特殊的对象，该对象就是专门用来访问父类中的属性的（按照继承的关系）
• super().__init__(不用为self传值)
• super的完整用法是super(自己的类名,self),在python2中需要写完整，而python3中可以简写为super()

class OldboyPeople:
    school = "oldboy"

    def __init__(self, name, age, sex):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex

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class OldboyStudent(OldboyPeople):
    def __init__(self, name, age, sex, stu_id):
        # OldboyPeople.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        # super(OldboyStudent, self).__init__(name, age, sex)
        super().__init__(name, age, sex)
        self.stu_id = stu_id

    def choose_course(self):
        print("%s is choosing course" % self.name)


stu1 = OldboyStudent("tank", 19, "male", 1)

print(stu1.__dict__)
{"name": "tank", "age": 19, "sex": "male", "stu_id": 1}