day12-SpringMVC文件上传
SpringMVC文件上传
1.基本介绍
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SpringMVC 为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是通过即插即用的 MultipartResolver 实现的。spring 用 Jacarta Commons FileUpload 技术实现了一个 MultipartResolver 的实现类:CommonsMultipartResovler
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SpringMVC 上下文默认没有装配 MultipartResolver ,因此默认情况下不能处理文件的上传工作。如果要使用 Spring 文件上传功能,要先在上下文(容器文件)中配置 MultipartResolver
<!--配置文件上传解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver"> </bean>
2.应用实例
(1)引入 SpringMVC 文件上传需要的 jar 包
(2)创建 fileUpload.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/fileUpload"
method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
文件介绍:<input type="text" name="introduce"/><br/>
选择文件:<input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传文件"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
(3)web.xml 文件中配置过滤器,处理中文乱码问题(这里使用 spring 提供的过滤器)
<!--使用spring提供的过滤器处理中文-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<!--大小写都支持-->
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
(4)MyCharacterFilter.java
package com.li.web.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* 编写过滤器处理中文乱码问题
*/
public class MyCharacterFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest,
ServletResponse servletResponse,
FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//加入对编码的处理
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//放行请求
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {}
}
(5)在 spring 的容器文件中,配置文件上传解析器
<!--配置文件上传解析器-->
<!--这里是按照接口名字获取bean,因此 id要写为 multipartResolver(接口)-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
id="multipartResolver">
</bean>
(6)创建 FileUploadHandler.java
package com.li.web.fileupload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* 处理文件上传的 handler
*/
@Controller
public class FileUploadHandler {
//编写方法,处理文件上传的请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/fileUpload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile multipartFile,
HttpServletRequest request, String introduce)
throws IOException {
//接收到提交的文件名
String originalFilename = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
System.out.println("你上传的文件介绍=" + introduce);
System.out.println("你上传的文件名=" + originalFilename);
//得到上传的文件要保存的路径[全路径:包括文件名]
//这里其实是out目录下的路径
String fileFullPath =
request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/" + originalFilename);
//创建文件
File saveToFile = new File(fileFullPath);
//将上传文件转存到 saveToFile
multipartFile.transferTo(saveToFile);
return "success";
}
}
(7)启动 tomcat,访问 fileUpload.jsp,选择文件上传
后台输出:
上传的文件:
这里只是模拟,真正开发中不会将文件存放在项目目录中,而是存放在主机的另外的磁盘上,每次存放文件时会将存放路径保存到数据库中。下载文件时会读取数据库数据,得到路径,寻找文件。
postman 也可以进行文件上传:
3.transferTO()方法
@Override
public void transferTo(File dest) throws IOException, IllegalStateException {
//首先判断该文件(路径)在磁盘中是不是可获取的
if (!isAvailable()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("File has already been moved - cannot be transferred again");
}
//判断上传的文件在磁盘中存不存在,如果存在就会去尝试删除该文件,如果删除失败,就会抛出异常
if (dest.exists() && !dest.delete()) {
throw new IOException(
"Destination file [" + dest.getAbsolutePath() + "] already exists and could not be deleted");
}
//如果文件不存在,或者存在但删除成功了
try {
//将上传的文件拷贝到目标目录 dest 下
//this.fileItem 就是你要上传文件的临时文件(tmp文件)
//就是说 SpringMVC 上传文件也是先将上传文件保存为临时文件,然后再拷贝为目标文件
this.fileItem.write(dest);
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
String action = "transferred";
if (!this.fileItem.isInMemory()) {
action = (isAvailable() ? "copied" : "moved");
}
return "Part "" + getName() + "", filename "" + getOriginalFilename() + """ +
(traceOn ? ", stored " + getStorageDescription() : "") +
": " + action + " to [" + dest.getAbsolutePath() + "]";
});
}
catch (FileUploadException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
}
catch (IllegalStateException | IOException ex) {
// Pass through IllegalStateException when coming from FileItem directly,
// or propagate an exception from I/O operations within FileItem.write
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IOException("File transfer failed", ex);
}
}