Python之如何设置openpyxl单元格格式
在对openpyxl有了简单了解之后,今天本文将通过实例详细讲解openpyxl的单元格样式。
openpyxl的单元格样式由6种属性决定,每一种都是一个类,需要注意的是这在对样式属性赋值时,样式实例一经创建,样式实例的属性就不可更改,只能新建样式实例。如下所示:
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font(字体类):字号、字体颜色、下划线等
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fill(填充类):颜色等
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border(边框类):设置单元格边框
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alignment(位置类):对齐方式
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number_format(格式类):数据格式
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protection(保护类):写保护
单元格默认样式如下:
>>> from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font >>> font = Font(name='Calibri', ... size=11, ... bold=False, ... italic=False, ... vertAlign=None, ... underline='none', ... strike=False, ... color='FF000000') >>> fill = PatternFill(fill_type=None, ... start_color='FFFFFFFF', ... end_color='FF000000') >>> border = Border(left=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... right=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... top=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... bottom=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... diagonal=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... diagonal_direction=0, ... outline=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... vertical=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000'), ... horizontal=Side(border_style=None, ... color='FF000000') ... ) >>> alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general', ... vertical='bottom', ... text_rotation=0, ... wrap_text=False, ... shrink_to_fit=False, ... indent=0) >>> number_format = 'General' >>> protection = Protection(locked=True, ... hidden=False)
以上几种样式(字体、填充、边框、位置和保护)实例一旦被创建实例的属性就不可更改,只能重新创建实例。
>>> from openpyxl.styles import colors >>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Color >>> from openpyxl.styles import colors >>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook() >>> ws = wb.active >>> >>> a1 = ws['A1'] >>> d4 = ws['D4'] >>> ft = Font(color=colors.RED) >>> a1.font = ft >>> d4.font = ft >>> >>> a1.font.italic = True # 不会生效,样式实例一旦创建,实例的属性就不可改变 >>> >>> # 若要改变样式,必须新建样式实例 >>> >>> a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # 创建字体实例(红色、斜体,其他属性默认)
复制样式
样式可以被复制:
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font >>> >>> ft1 = Font(name='Arial', size=14) >>> ft2 = ft1.copy(name="Tahoma") # 复制时指定字体为“Tahoma”,其他属性均复制自ft1 >>> ft1.name 'Arial' >>> ft2.name 'Tahoma' >>> ft2.size 14.0
基本字体颜色
字体颜色有一些颜色常量,可以直接调用:
from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles.colors import RED font = Font(color=RED) font = Font(color="00FFBB00")
也可以按索引创建实例:
from openpyxl.styles.colors import Color c = Color(indexed=32) c = Color(theme=6, tint=0.5)
说到颜色,V2.3.5版本必须使用“00XXXXXX”的格式,不能使用“#XXXXXX”的格式。如果颜色不生效请查看版本后修改。
应用样式
可以直接应用到单元格:
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font, Fill wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active c = ws['A1'] c.font = Font(size=12)
可以对整行整列设置样式,前提是单元格已创建。
col = ws.column_dimensions['A'] col.font = Font(bold=True) row = ws.row_dimensions[1] row.font = Font(underline="single")
数据格式
数据格式属性number_format的值是字符串类型,不为对象,直接赋值即可。
openpyxl内置了一些数据格式查看openpyxl.styles.numbers,也支持excel自定义格式,以下两种方式效果相同:
# 使用openpyxl内置的格式 from openpyxl.styles import numbers ws.cell['D2'].number_format = numbers.FORMAT_GENERAL ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = numbers.FORMAT_DATE_XLSX15
# 直接使用字符串 ws.cell['D2].number_format = 'General' ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = 'd-mmm-yy'
编辑页面设置
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.page_setup.orientation = ws.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE ws.page_setup.paperSize = ws.PAPERSIZE_TABLOID ws.page_setup.fitToHeight = 0 ws.page_setup.fitToWidth = 1
编辑打印选项
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.print_options.horizontalCentered = True ws.print_options.verticalCentered = True
以上就是openpyxl设置单元格样式的方法,更多Python学习推荐:云海天Python教程网
来源:PY学习网:原文地址:https://www.py.cn/article.html