django-rest-framework开发api接口

(1) 创建django项目drfdemo1并且创建一个名为app的应用

django-admin startproject drfdemo1

python manage.py startapp app

(2) 安装django-rest-framework

pip install djangorestframework

(3) 在settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS注册，并且在INSTALLED_APPS和MIDDLEWARE配置属性中将部分django自带功能去除

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    # "django.contrib.messages",
    # "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "app",
    "rest_framework",
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    # "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

上述配置保留了Auth认证系统和Session功能，当django运行时只会加载Auth认证系统和Session功能,这样能减少django占用服务器的系统资源，除此之外还要注释掉配置属性TEMPLATES和STATIC_URL，因为API接口无需使用模板功能和静态资源

(4) 路由配置

在drfdemo1的urls.py中编写以下内容：

from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path("api/",include("app.urls")),
]

在app里创建urls.py，并写入如下内容：

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path("students/",students.as_view())
]

(5) 模型

from django.db import models


class studentsInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, verbose_name="性别")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    classroom = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="教室")
    info = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="个人简介")

(6) 在app里创建serializer.py，内容如下：

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import *


class studentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = studentsInfo
        fields = "__all__"

(7) 视图类编写

from .models import *
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .serializer import studentSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView


class students(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        data = studentsInfo.objects.all()
        serializer = studentSerializer(instance=data,many=True)
        return JsonResponse(serializer.data,safe=False)

(8) 执行数据迁移

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

迁移之后插入测试数据

(9) 启动项目

python manage.py runserver 8000

(10) 查看返回的数据

访问127.0.0.1/api/students，结果如下：

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "小明",
        "sex": "男",
        "age": 22,
        "classroom": "301",
        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "小红",
        "sex": "女",
        "age": 18,
        "classroom": "301",
        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "name": "张三",
        "sex": "男",
        "age": 25,
        "classroom": "307",
        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
    },
    {
        "id": 4,
        "name": "李四",
        "sex": "男",
        "age": 24,
        "classroom": "308",
        "info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
    }
]