多线程顺序运行的 4 种方法,面试随便问!

多线程顺序运行的 4 种方法,面试随便问!

文章介绍4种方法,简单易懂,通过4个demo抛砖引玉。

1、在子线程中通过join()方法指定顺序

通过join()方法使当前线程“阻塞”,等待指定线程执行完毕后继续执行。

举例:在线程thread2中,加上一句thread1.join(),其意义在于,当前线程2运行到此行代码时会进入阻塞状态,直到线程thread1执行完毕后,线程thread2才会继续运行,这就保证了线程thread1与线程thread2的运行顺序。

public class ThreadJoinDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("打开冰箱!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    thread1.join();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    thread2.join();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("关上冰箱!");
            }
        });
 
        //下面三行代码顺序可随意调整,程序运行结果不受影响,因为我们在子线程中通过“join()方法”已经指定了运行顺序。
        thread3.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread1.start();
 
    }
}

运行结果:

打开冰箱!
拿出一瓶牛奶!
关上冰箱!

2、在主线程中通过join()方法指定顺序

简单说一下子线程与主线程的区别,子线程指的是发生在Thread内部的代码,主线程指的是发生在main函数中的代码,我们可以在main函数中通过join()方法让主线程阻塞等待以达到指定顺序执行的目的。

public class ThreadMainJoinDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("打开冰箱!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("关上冰箱!");
            }
        });
 
        thread1.start();
        thread1.join();
        thread2.start();
        thread2.join();
        thread3.start();
    }
}

基础就不介绍了,多线程系列我博客教程写了很多了,这里推荐大家看看吧:https://www.javastack.cn/categories/Java/

输出结果:

打开冰箱!
拿出一瓶牛奶!
关上冰箱!

3、通过倒数计时器CountDownLatch实现

CountDownLatch通过计数器提供了更灵活的控制,只要检测到计数器为0当前线程就可以往下执行而不用管相应的thread是否执行完毕。

public class ThreadCountDownLatchDemo {
 
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch1 = new CountDownLatch(1);
 
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("打开冰箱!");
                countDownLatch1.countDown();
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    countDownLatch1.await();
                    System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!");
                    countDownLatch2.countDown();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    countDownLatch2.await();
                    System.out.println("关上冰箱!");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
 
        //下面三行代码顺序可随意调整,程序运行结果不受影响
        thread3.start();
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

输出结果:

打开冰箱!
拿出一瓶牛奶!
关上冰箱!

4、通过创建单一化线程池newSingleThreadExecutor()实现

单线程化线程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)的优点,串行执行所有任务。

public class ThreadPoolDemo {
 
   static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("打开冰箱!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread2 =new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("拿出一瓶牛奶!");
            }
        });
 
        final Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("关上冰箱!");
            }
        });
        executorService.submit(thread1);
        executorService.submit(thread2);
        executorService.submit(thread3);
        executorService.shutdown();        //使用完毕记得关闭线程池
    }
 
}

输出结果:

打开冰箱!
拿出一瓶牛奶!
关上冰箱!

来源:blog.csdn.net/jqc874789596/article/details/100557300

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